Assessing in situ degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons by indigenous microbial communities by nagissa mahmoudi, b. The process uses microscopic organisms primarily bacteria that live on soil and eat petroleum hydrocarbon. Mechanisms for enhanced biodegradation of petroleum. Biodegradation and bioremediation of hydrocarbons in. In addition, biodegradation of chlorinated solvents can produce toxic degradation products, such as dichloroethylene and vinyl chloride, while petroleum degradation usually produces carbon dioxide, water, and sometimes methane or other simple hydrocarbons. Biodegradation of petroleum and crude oil by pseudomonas putida and bacillus cereus. Microbial degradation ofhydrocarbons in the environment. Removal of petroleum hydrocarbon pollutants from environment by applying oleophilic microorganisms individual isolateconsortium of microorganisms is ecofriendly and economic. Microbial biodegradation is the use of bioremediation and biotransformation methods to harness the naturally occurring ability of microbial xenobiotic metabolism to degrade, transform or accumulate environmental pollutants, including hydrocarbons e. Common target contaminants total petroleum hydrocarbons tph. This aspect, however, remains less investigated and discussed across the co2rr literature. Microbial degradation of petroleum hydrocarbon contaminants. Phytoremediation of petroleum hydrocarbons notice this document was prepared by a graduate student during an internship with the u. Microbial bidegradation of petroleum hydrocarbon pollutants employs the enzyme catalytic activities of microorganisms to enhance the rate of pollutants degradation.
However each individual strain is usually characterized by an ability to utilize only a few kinds of hydrocarbons. However, in comparison, little work has been carried out on the biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons. How to evaluate alternative cleanup technologies for. Introduction the biodegradation of petroleum and other hydrocarbons in the environment is a complex process, whos quantitative and qualitative aspects depend on the nature and amount of the oil or hydrocarbons present, the ambient and seasonal environmental. Biodegradation of petroleum and aromatic hydrocarbons by. The decrease of initial water content from 33% to 28% and 23% resulted in a decrease on charge output and hydrocarbon degradation rate, which could be attributed to the increase of internal resistance. Technology and mechanism the petrochemical industry has received considerable attention from many sectors in our society. Accidental releases of petroleum products are of particular concern in the environment. Figure 2 shows the main principle of aerobic degradation of hydrocarbons. The degradation mechanisms have shown enormous influence not only on degradation but also on physical and chemical properties of hydrocarbons, resulting in. Hydrocarbon degrading bacteria are widely distributed in marine, freshwater, soil habitats and their use in bioremediation of hydrocarbon contaminated soils, which exploits their ability to.
Mechanisms of the aqueous photodegradation of polycyclic. Mechanisms for enhanced biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons by a microbecolonized gasliquid foam m. The present study investigated about the isolation of bacteria from crude oil contaminated site and gravimetric analysis of degradation in which, two bacterial isolates formed maximum clearing zone on mineral salt medium. Phytoremediation of soil contaminated with petroleum. The effects of environmental parameters on the microbial degradation of hydrocarbons, the elucidation ofmetabolic pathwaysandgeneticbasesfor hydrocarbon dissimilation by microorganisms, and the effects ofhydrocarbon contamination onmicroorganisms and.
Oxygen is considered by many to be the primary growthlimiting factor for hydrocarbon degrading bacteria. Therefore, all we know about the degradation of petroleum compounds has come from studying isolated microorganisms. Microbial degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons is one of the major practices in natural decontamination process. Understanding of chlorinated hydrocarbon degradation and confidence in longterm degradation is not as advanced as that of betx degradation. The assumptions routinely employed with natural attenuation of petroleum cannot be applied to chlorinated hydrocarbons. Bioremediation involved the use of microbes to degrade petroleum hydrocarbons. The degradation mechanisms have shown enormous influence not only on degradation but also on physical and chemical properties of hydrocarbons, resulting in change of partitioning in the various compartments in the. Petroleum hydrocarbon biodegradability in soil is influenced by complex arrays of factors, such as nutrients, oxygen, ph value, composition, concentration and bioavailability of the contaminants, and the soils chemical and physical characteristics. Pdf microbial degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons. To isolate bacteria responsible for the biodegradation of naphthalene, btex benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and o, m, and pxylene, and aliphatic hydrocarbons in petroleum. Biodegradation has been extensively studied in the context of mesophilic microbes, and the mechanisms of biodegradation of aliphatic and aromatic petroleum hydrocarbons have been elucidated. Environmental degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons. Learn more about the biological degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons as jeremy birnstingl, ph. Mechanism of degrading petroleum hydrocarbons by compound.
Current status of the degradation of aliphatic and. One of the major environmental problems today is hydrocarbon contamination resulting from the activities related to the petrochemical industry. The alephatics the aromatics the asphaltenes phenols, fatty acids, ketones, esters, and porphyrins, and the resins pyridines, quinolines, carbazoles. Photodegradation quantum yields for all pahs increased with increasing o2 concentration, illustrating the key role of o2 in the photodegradation mechanism. The mechanisms and factors that affect biodegradation should be further understood because the choice of bioremediation technique depends on them. Microbial degradation is one of the most promising mechanisms for removing the petroleum hydrocarbon pollutants from the environment 810. Studying the mechanism of microbial degradation of petroleum hydrocarbon pollutants is conducive to exploring the path of petroleum pollution remediation technology and improving the efficiency of. Other mechanisms are attachment of microbial cells to the substrates. Microbial degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons biodegradation of hcs is a complex process depending on. Soil and water pollution is mainly attributed to hydrocarbons from oil refineries, petrochemical industries, human activities and other sources. Bioelectrochemical stimulation of petroleum hydrocarbon. Hydrocarbon degradation rates in soil, fresh water, and marine environments. The initial intracellular attack of organic pollutants is an oxidative process and the activation as well as incorporation of oxygen is the enzymatic key reaction catalyzed by oxygenases and peroxidases.
An indepth knowledge of petroleum compounds before planning the best strategies of pollutant bioremediation. Microbial degradation is the major and ultimate natural mechanism by which one can cleanup the phc pollutants from the environment atlas, 1992. One potent gram negative bacillus bacteria was isolated on the basis of petroleum hydrocarbon degradation efficiency and identified as pseudomonas sp. The petroleum composition is a mixture of different hydrocarbons.
However, in comparison, little work has been carried out on the biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons by thermophiles. This is possible because microorganisms have enzyme systems to degrade and utilize different hydrocarbons as a source of carbon and energy. Isolation and identification of petroleum hydrocarbon. Alvarez department of civil and environmental engineering, seamans center, university of iowa, iowa city, iowa, u.
Petroleum spill has been frequently reported due to the lack of appropriate protocols during exploration, refining, transportation, and storage. Enhanced aerobic biodegradation is the practice of adding oxygen to saturated soil and groundwater to increase the number and vitality of indigenous microorganisms able to perform biodegradation. Bacterial degradation of crude oil by gravimetric analysis. The amount and biodegradability of oildegrading bacteria in seawater should be augmented to improve the biodegradation of marine petroleum hydrocarbons. Here, we provide an overview of what is currently known about the mechanisms of aerobic and anaerobic degradation of hydrocarbons, as a result from biochemical and genomic approaches, we give a perspective of the petroleum microbial. Petroleum hydrocarbons and chlorinated hydrocarbons. Eaob can be used to fully biodegrade a variety of contaminants in situ. Quite a number of microbial genera isolated from extreme environment mainly from petroleum contaminated soils mesophilic microbes, deep subsurface reservoirs thermophilic microbes, and sediment under the permafrost psychrophilic microbes once inoculated may enhance the degradation. Two groups of experiments that consist of p1 with and without b2 were designed.
In both aerobic and anaerobic conditions, oxidation is the primary metabolic pathway by which petroleum hydrocarbons. Request pdf microbial degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons. Mechanism of petroleum hcs degradation biosynthesis of cell biomass occurs from the central precursor metabolites, for example, acetylcoa, succinate, pyruvate. Microbial transformation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in pristine and petroleum contaminated sediments. Effect of estuarine sediment ph and oxidationreduction potential on microbial hydrocarbon degradation. Biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons slideshare.
Microbial degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons and. In situ biodegradation is one of the primary mechanisms by which petroleum and other hydrocarbons are eliminated from the environment. Phytoremediation of hydrocarbon contaminated soils. Principles of microbial degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons in the. The most rapid and complete degradation of the majority of organic pollutants is brought about under aerobic conditions. It may be concluded that microbial degradation can be considered as a key component in the cleanup strategy for petroleum hydrocarbon. Many plant species have been identified to possess the ability in remediating soil contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons and phytoremediation has been subject to extensive studies over the years. Petroleum hydrocarbon contamination in terrestrial.
The most rapid and complete degradation of the majority. The degradation pathways of a variety of petroleum hydrocarbons. Microbial degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons is one of the major practices in. Hydrocarbon fingerprint analysis showed that the degradation rate of both alkanes and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons pahs was accelerated. The level of petroleum hydrocarbon degradation was determined by gravimetric assay at each 5 days interval. Microbialdegradationof petroleum hydrocarbons biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons is a complex process that depends on the nature and on the amount of the hydrocarbons present. Bioremediation is the main natural mechanism than can clean. A number of influencing degradation factors has been.
This study investigated the degradation of petroleum degrading bacteria p1 with biosurfactantproducing bacteria b2 and its mechanism. This mechanism has been widely accepted despite the fact that oxygen would likely be consumed by. Dart1 department of biology, university of york, york and 1department of chemistry, loughborough university, loughborough, uk. Hydrocarbon degradation rates 33, 34 soil environment freshwater environment marine environment maximum degradation in the range of 2030 c maximum degradation in the range of 1520 c maximum degradation in the range of 3040 c figure 1. The biochemical mechanism for formation of such hydrocarbons duringpetroleum biodegra dation is unknown. Pdf microbial degradation of petroleum hydrocarbon. Environmental protection agency, sponsored by the environmental careers organization. Biodegradation of naphthalene, btex, and aliphatic. For a long time, the mechanism considered to be prevalent for oil degradation in petroleum reservoirs was the well documented aerobic microbial metabolism and it has long been thought that the flow of oxygen through meteoric waters was necessary for inreservoir petroleum biodegradation. The initial intracellular attack of organic pollutants is an oxidative process and the activation. Biological methods were used to degrade petroleum hydrocarbon pollutants by some oilloving microorganisms in the environment. Although individual microorganisms have mechanisms for hydrocarbon degradation. Environmental degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons utrecht. Current status of the degradation of aliphatic and aromatic.
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